Disability - Wikipedia. For other uses, see Impairment. Disability is an impairment that may be physical, cognitive, intellectual, mental, sensory, developmental, or some combination of these that results in restrictions on an individual's ability to participate in what is considered . A disability may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime. Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. Thus, disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between features of a person. Debates about proper terminology and their implied politics continue in disability communities and the academic field of disability studies. In many countries the law requires that disabilities documented by a healthcare provider in order to assess which citizens qualify for disability benefits. History. During the Middle Ages, madness and other conditions (epilepsy, e. They were also thought to be part of the natural order, especially during and in the fallout of the Plague, which wrought impairments throughout the general population. Foremost among these was the development of clinical medical discourse, which made the human body visible as a thing to be manipulated, studied, and transformed. These worked in tandem with scientific discourses that sought to classify and categorize and, in so doing, became methods of normalization. Quetelet postulated that one could take the sum of all people's attributes in a given population (such as their height or weight) and find their average, and that this figure should serve as a norm toward which all should aspire. Information for Disabled Persons: Fair Lending: Information for Senior Citizens: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Programs of HUD: Delegations of Authority: Resources. Affordable Apartment Search: HUD Handbooks, Forms and. Whispers4u Disabled Dating Service. Online since 2002 - Disabled singles can find love and friendships. General Description of Agency. Free to Be Programs has been serving individuals with developmental disabilities since 1984. We currently provide residential services for children and adults. Children under the age of 18 are. This idea of a statistical norm threads through the rapid take up of statistics gathering by Britain, United States, and the Western European states during this time period, and it is tied to the rise of eugenics. Disability, as well as other concepts including: abnormal, non- normal, and normalcy came from this. With disability viewed as part of a person's biological make- up and thus their genetic inheritance, scientists turned their attention to notions of weeding such . Various metrics for assessing a person's genetic fitness arose . At the end of the Second World War, with the example of Nazi eugenics, eugenics faded from public discourse, and increasingly disability cohered into a set of attributes that medicine could attend to . Due to this work, physical barriers to access were identified. These conditions functionally disabled them, and what is now known as the social model of disability emerged. Coined by Mike Oliver in 1. Disability or impairment are commonly used, as are more specific terms, such as blind (to describe having no vision at all) or visually impaired (to describe having limited vision). Handicap has been disparaged as a result of false folk etymology that says it is a reference to begging. It is actually derived from an old game, Hand- i'- cap, in which two players trade possessions and a third, neutral person judges the difference of value between the possessions. In handicap racing, horses carry different weights based on the umpire's estimation of what would make them run equally. The use of the term to describe a person with a disability. In society today, person- first language is considered more appropriate, if the disability must be mentioned at all. Acceptable examples included . Free used and recycled computers, free hardware, mostly for schools, non-profit organisations and disadvantaged individuals. Free Grants for Disabled People. Share Tweet; Share Email; Save. Various government agencies provide free grants for the disabled. Some free grants for the disabled include Capital Assistance Programs.It also states that a person's adaptive equipment should be described functionally as something that assists a person, not as something that limits a person, for example, . However, in the UK, the term . It is argued under the social model that while someone's impairment (for example, having a spinal cord injury) is an individual property, . Aging populations are often stigmatized for having a high prevalence of disability. Kathleen Woodward, writing in Key Words for Disability Studies, explains the phenomenon as follows: Aging is invoked rhetorically- at times ominously- as a pressing reason why disability should be of crucial interest to all of us (we are all getting older, we will all be disabled eventually), thereby inadvertently reinforcing the damaging and dominant stereotype of aging as solely an experience of decline and deterioration. But little attention has been given to the imbrication of aging and disability. Disability and poverty may form a vicious circle, in which physical barriers and stigma of disability make it more difficult to get income, which in turn diminishes access to health care and other necessities for a healthy life. The World report on disability indicates that half of all people with disabilities cannot afford health care, compared to a third of people without disabilities. Individuals with cognitive impairments may struggle with understanding instructions that must be followed in the event a disaster occurs. Impairment in bodily structure or function is defined as involving an anomaly, defect, loss or other significant deviation from certain generally accepted population standards, which may fluctuate over time. Activity is defined as the execution of a task or action. The ICF lists 9 broad domains of functioning which can be affected: Learning and applying knowledge. General tasks and demands. Communication. Basic physical mobility, Domestic life, and Self- care (for example, activities of daily living)Interpersonal interactions and relationships. Community, social and civic life, including employment. Other major life areas. In concert with disability scholars, the introduction to the ICF states that a variety of conceptual models has been proposed to understand and explain disability and functioning, which it seeks to integrate. These models include the following: The medical model. In the medical model, management of the disability is aimed at a . In the medical model, medical care is viewed as the main issue, and at the political level, the principal response is that of modifying or reforming healthcare policy. The social model. In this model, disability is not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions, created by the social environment. The management of the problem requires social action and it is the collective responsibility of society to create a society in which limitations for people with disabilities are minimal. Disability is both cultural and ideological in creation. According to the social model, equal access for someone with an impairment/disability is a human rights concern. The social model of disability has come under criticism. While recognizing the importance played by the social model in stressing the responsibility of society, scholars, including Tom Shakespeare, point out the limits of the model, and urge the need for a new model that will overcome the . Highlighting the ways society and institutions construct disability is one of the main focuses of this idea. This led to the creation of the social construction of disability theory. The social construction of disability is the idea that disability is constructed as the social response to a deviance from the norm. The medical industry is the creator of the ill and disabled social role. Medical professionals and institutions, who wield expertise over health, have the ability to define health and physical and mental norms. When an individual has a feature that creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled. Under this idea, disability is not defined by the physical features of the body but by a deviance from the social convention of health. Instead what is seen as a disability is just a difference in the individual from what is considered . The model asserts that disability does not necessarily mean reduced spectrum of operations. Rather, disability is often defined according to thresholds set on a continuum of disability. It also includes notions that a disability gives a person . Within its framework, professionals follow a process of identifying the impairment and its limitations (using the medical model), and taking the necessary action to improve the position of the disabled person. This has tended to produce a system in which an authoritarian, over- active service provider prescribes and acts for a passive client. The tragedy/charity model depicts disabled people as victims of circumstance who are deserving of pity. This, along with the medical model, are the models most used by non- disabled people to define and explain disability. The legitimacy model views disability as a value- based determination about which explanations for the atypical are legitimate for membership in the disability category. This viewpoint allows for multiple explanations and models to be considered as purposive and viable. The social adapted model states although a person. This turns the professional into a service provider whose role is to offer guidance and carry out the client. This model looks to personal identity to define disability and empowers people to chart their own destiny in everyday life, with a particular focus on economic empowerment. By this model, based on US Census data, there are 1. The consumer model extends the rights- based model by proposing that businesses, not only accommodate customers with disabilities under the requirements of legislation, but that businesses actively seek, market to, welcome and fully engage people with disabilities in all aspects of business service activities. The model suggests that all business operations, for example websites, policies and procedures, mission statements, emergency plans, programs and services, should integrate access and inclusion practices. Solid information for the disabled community. And I'll hold nothing back. Now thanks to the. Disability Digest I'm supplementing my Income from home. Thank you VERY much Brian and The Disability Digest for the. Great work you do! Dennis Berry. Georgiatruemanna@hotmail. I proved in the second round that I was permanently disabled. Dan Cassidy - Canyon Lake, California! Carol Grant Charlotte NC . I've learned a lot about Social. Security. Thanks Susan Ward- Hardy Susanwardhardy@aol. FREEDisabled Benefits Guide now! Today I. forwarded your email to a wonderful friend of mine who just. He is new at this and I know your. I was. terminally ill for four years and your information has. It has given me hope and the overall. I cannot thank. you enough. Sincerely, Rebecca. California jettblackraven. Daniel Cassidy. California dcasssidy@yahoo. For a sneak peak with out signing up for the news letter. FREEDisabled Benefits Guide now!
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